While this metaphor easily leaps towards a religious reading, it only half fits for the multitude of shrines and temples enveloped our time, senses, and sight. The religious performance and visual culture that we observed employed a wide array of color, interactiveness, and artistic craft to convey an incredibly rich symbolic universe and cosmology. So, while these practices are being performed for some mysteriously unseen “Other,” they were as ordinary as to have McVitie's Digestive Biscuits in the Buddha's begging bowl at one monastery or monkey's taking and drinking a pilgrim's Mountain Dew at another and as widespread as having shrines wedged in intersections throughout Kathmandu's grimy, exhaust-filled streets.
Given the diversity of religious practice, it carries an odd accessibility that easily draws outsiders to the country's religious heritage.
Amidst early Hindu practices, Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Buddha, was born in Lumbini in the sixth century BC. Gradually, Hinduism thrived even though the Buddhist presence never totally disappeared. Kathmandu (and the rest of the country to a lesser extent) served as a century's old crossroads of trade between Tibet/China and India. Like other trade routes, the melding of Hinduism and Buddhism (and other local religious practices) is obvious (as well as how they're separated and marked off from each other as well...). While never antagonistic towards Buddhism, Hinduism remains the most common religion, especially after the Kathmandu Valley was partitioned in the fifteenth century. Theese city-states—Kathmandu, Patan, and Baktipur—each with their own Durbar (Palace) Square and and adjacent temples. Craft became a major source of competition between the kingdoms with temple building exemplified by the tiered pagoda style (which originated in Nepal) and the Newari brick-architechture accented by extensive wood-working. After a devastating earthquake in 1934, many of the palaces and temples were destroyed but the rich rebuilding demonstrates the continuation of the craft.
For the spiritually-inclined visitor, this history presents a spiritual marketplace which accommodates everyone from Western Buddhists seeking a teacher or the casual prayer wheel spinner. For me, as I had said before, it was the color, craft, and interactive nature that really stood out as we toured the Kathmandu Valley and the west to Pokhara.
Color
Our first day, we made the walk from Thamal in downtwon Kathmandu to Swayambhunath, set on a hillside slightly above the city. The story goes that the valley was once a lake. One day, a lotus flower appeared, or was “self-created” (the meaning of Swayambhuna) on the lake. As the water receded, this hill was revealed where first a smaller shrine and now the magnificent stupa was built. On top of the white dome rests the Buddha's eyes staring in each cardinal direction. Up from there are thirteen steps leading to the umbrella on top of the stupa. Tibetan prayer flags were tied from the top of the stupa down to the surrounding temples and monasteries. After making a few ceremonial circlings of the stupa, we walked to the monastery on a connected hill. The area between the stupa and the monastery was overrun with prayer flags. The trees were draped with them with what seemed to be a chaotic fashion. The slight breeze left a silent canopy overhead. It is one the most beautiful man-made things that I have ever seen.
Interactive
Swayambhunath, and the other Buddhist sites we went (Bodhnath, the “Golden Temple,” and smaller alley-way temples and shrines) had the most interactive religious ritual I have ever experienced: spinning the prayer wheels while circling any stupa. Julie and I usually separate ourselves at other's religious worship, trying to remain perfect and distant strangers. The prayer wheels, however, were intoxicating. We would circumnavigate the the central stupa of shrine several (or more) times, not just staking out a spot to watch what was going on from the outside as we had done before.
At other times, the interacting with the space was more of just observing the activity that was going on. Pujas were always being offered at temples with marigolds, rice, yoghurt, and coins (the funniest—from a Christian mindset—being the “Temple Money Changers” shop outside of Durbar Square in Baktipur). The Kumari, a living goddess who reigns from the age of five or so until menstruation, made a shy appearance from her window in her house in Kathmandu's Durbar Square. We even got to see a mandala being created in Patan.
The final highlight was the architecture and design. Julie nor I had ever travelled to Asia. So, the tiered-temple design and the courtyard's that surrounded them were all new to us. Travelling elsewhere, I have noticed how integral a courtyard is in integrating worshipers into a sacred space. In Nepal, the courtyard's surrounding temples served a similar purpose. The best example of this space was at Bodhnath where the courtyard area was enclosed between the shops and temples and the white stupa. You would circle the lower part of the courtyard before entering any of the monasteries or temples or climbing up to the the second level of the stupa.
Besides the more general space, all of the Hindu temples and many of the old houses had intricately carved doors and windows imbedded in the brick facade. Stone animals or statues were nestled inside road-side shrines or at the entryways to towering temples. On the Hindu temples, the roof joists and struts were decorated with incarnations of Hindu gods (usually Vishnu or Shiva), scenes from daily life, or explicit sexual acts (with multiple partners, bestiality, monster on monster, and elephants in the missionary position with interlocked trunks).
Although Nepal was not as cold (or mountainous) as we might have hoped, the trip provided respite for our listless and desert-worn bodies. Besides the joy brought from our engagement, the past month and a half had been a bleak time for us. The light bulbs in the bedroom had burned out months before. We could not change the lights since the last time we moved the bed, the frame cracked and needed to be taped to together. In the kitchen, two of the three fluorescent lights flickered their way towards burning out. When our “Super General” TV was on for more than ten minutes, the screen went blank besides a centimeter and a half line down the middle of the screen, a problem that only a slap like The Fonz could fix. Finally, our car's fuel line is believed to be caked with dust the grime from desert life. The only way to successfully and consistently start it is to fill it up with gas every few days.
The momentary change of winter to summer and Tommy's problems with customs in Dubai left us unenthusiastic, to say the least, about finishing the school year. Nepal gave us what we were looking for, a change from life here. At this point in our traveling career, all we needed was a hotel booking with a transfer from the stress-free airport for our first night and plans to meet up with a Wooster acquaintance. Other than that, our trip was left to the planned wanderings and whims we usually leave our traveling to.
No comments:
Post a Comment